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1. LED lights are classified according to the color of the luminous tube According to the luminous color of the luminous tube, it can be divided into red, orange, green (subdivided into yellow green, standard green and pure green), blue light and so on. In addition, some LED light-emitting diodes contain chips of two or three colors. According to the light-emitting diodes doped or not doped with scattering agents, colored or colorless, the above-mentioned light-emitting diodes of various colors can be divided into four types: colored and transparent, colorless and transparent, colored scattering and colorless scattering. Scattering light-emitting diodes are used as indicator lights. 2. LED lights are classified according to the characteristics of the light emitting surface of the luminous tube According to the characteristics of the light-emitting surface of the luminous tube, it can be divided into round lamps, square lamps, rectangular, surface luminous tubes, lateral tubes, and microtubes for surface mounting. Round lights are divided into φ2mm, φ4.4mm, φ5mm, φ8mm, φ10mm and φ20mm according to their diameters. In foreign countries, light-emitting diodes with φ3mm are usually referred to as T-1; those with φ5mm as T-1(3/4); and those with φ4.4mm as T-1(1/4). The angular distribution of circular luminous intensity can be estimated from the half-value angle. There are three categories from the angular distribution of luminous intensity: 1) High directivity: generally pointed epoxy package, or package with metal reflective cavity, and no scattering agent. The half-value angle is 5°~20° or less, with high directivity, can be used as a local lighting source, or combined with a light detector to form an automatic detection system; 2) Standard type: usually used as indicator light, its half-value angle is 20°~45°; 3) Scattering type: This is an indicator light with a larger viewing angle, the half-value angle is 45°~90° or more, and the amount of scattering agent is larger. 3. According to the structure of light-emitting diodes According to the structure of light-emitting diodes, there are full epoxy encapsulation, metal base epoxy encapsulation, ceramic base epoxy encapsulation, and glass encapsulation. 4. According to luminous intensity and working current According to the luminous intensity and working current, there are ordinary brightness LED (luminous intensity 100mcd); the luminous intensity between 10-100mcd is called high-brightness LED light-emitting diode. Generally, the working current of LED is from ten mA to tens of mA, while the working current of low current LED is below 2 mA (the brightness is the same as that of ordinary light-emitting tubes). In addition to the above classification methods, there are also methods of classifying by chip material and classifying by function. As LED entered and exited the business in the 1960s, after decades of development, many types have been developed. The mainstream categories are: 1) LED (Light emitting diode): We call it LAMP LED products, some call it P2 products, and some call it plug-in LED, anyway, as long as it is a direct plug-in type, it belongs to one kind. And there are many types of LED types: According to the colloidal shape: 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, square, oval, tombstone, and some special shapes, etc.; According to the color of the colloid: colorless and transparent, colored and transparent, colored scattering, colorless scattering, etc.; According to color: red (red), orange (orange), yellow (yellow), yellow-green (green yellow), green (green), blue green (blue green), blue (blue), purple (pink), ultraviolet (uv), white (white), infrared, etc.; 2) SMD (Suface mount device): Surface mount diodes or surface mount components are his name, and there are many categories in this one: According to the shape and size: 0603, 0805, 1210, 5060, 1010, etc. Generally smd is diamond-shaped, so its name is based on the length * width. The industry uses inches, not millimeters. It is also called in millimeters, not as good as 1608 (1.6*0.8mm). The type of luminous color and colloid is the same as that of LED products, but the shape of the product has changed a lot. 3) Piranha (Flux led): This is because the luminous efficiency of LED can not meet the requirements of automobile use, so this product is developed. It is a low-power product. Its driving current is generally 50MA, 20MA for general LEDs, and the highest current It can reach 70mA because of its better heat dissipation, which is generally used in car rear lights. 4) Power led: existing lighting LED products, it has the following categories: ①According to power points: 1w, 3w, 5w, etc.; ②According to the top light-emitting lens: flat head, condensing light, wine glass shape, etc.; ③According to the process, there are also aluminum substrate and anti-luminous. 5) Digital tube (Display): the earliest used for display and digital display According to the appearance: 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.; Surface color: gray surface vinyl, black surface white gel, etc.; Polarity: Common Yin, Common Yang; Colors can also be made in many varieties like LEDs. 6) LED Dot Matrix: This product is similar to the digital tube, which is used for information display. The pitch and the diameter of the holes are different products. Now they are generally divided into 5*7 and 8*8, and the colors are monochromatic, two-color, three-color, and so on. ①According to color: single red, single green, double primary colors, three primary colors, etc.; ②According to the diameter of the hole: Φ2.0, Φ3.0, Φ3.75, Φ5.0, etc.; ③According to points: 5*7, 8*8, 16*16, etc.; ④There are some other products: such as clusters, LED Side Light Source, infrared receiving and emitting products (Infrared & PhotoDiode) and so on. E-mail:ib@cn-led.net Guangdong Queendom Technology Co., Ltd.©2019 copyright  

Information summary: LED lighting and light color measurement summary: solid-state lighting is the dominant direction of future lighting, and LED lighting is the main component of solid-state lighting, and is an ideal next-generation lighting device. The development of the LED industry is inseparable from the light color measurement technology. Starting from the development requirements of LED lighting, the article introduces the light color measurement of LED lighting. ... 1 Introduction As a new light-emitting body, LED has the advantages of high electro-optical efficiency, small size, long life, low voltage, energy saving and environmental protection. It is the first choice for a new generation of lighting. The development of LED has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad, and new products and new technologies have emerged one after another. In recent years, the LED industry has developed rapidly, with increasing luminous efficiency and increasing brightness. Nowadays, LED has been widely used in many occasions, especially the continuous progress of white light LED technology, which has gradually popularized its application in the field of lighting. 2. The working principle of LED Light-emitting diode (LED) is a solid device that can convert electrical energy into light energy. Its structure is mainly composed of PN junction chips, electrodes, and optical systems. The basic working principle of LED is an electro-optical conversion process. When a forward bias is applied to both ends of the PN junction, due to the reduction of the PN junction barrier, the positive charge in the P area will diffuse to the N area, and the electrons in the N area will also move toward the N area. The P region diffuses, and the accumulation of unbalanced charges is formed in the two regions at the same time. Because the minority carriers generated by current injection are relatively unstable, for the PN junction system, the unbalanced holes injected into the valence band must recombine with the electrons in the conduction band, and the excess energy will radiate outward in the form of light. The greater the energy difference between electrons and holes, the higher the photon energy produced. The energy level difference is different, the frequency and wavelength of the generated light will be different, and the color of the corresponding light will be different. 3. The light parameters of LED 3.1 Luminous flux Luminous flux is the amount of light emitted by the light source per unit time, that is, the effective equivalent of the radiant power (or radiant flux) that can be felt by the human visual system. The symbol of luminous flux is Φ, and the unit is lumens (Lm). According to the spectral radiant flux Φ (λ), the luminous flux can be determined by the following formula: Φ=Km■Φ(λ)gV(λ)dλ In the formula, V (λ)-relative spectral luminous efficiency; Km—the maximum value of the spectral luminous efficacy of radiation, in Lm/W. In 1977, the Km value was determined by the International Committee of Weights and Measures to be 683Lm/W (λm=555nm). 3.2 Light intensity The luminous intensity I of a light source in a given direction is the quotient of the luminous flux dΦ transmitted in the cube corner element of the light source divided by the cube corner element dΩ, namely: I=■ The unit of luminous intensity is candela (cd), 1cd = 1Lm/1sr. The sum of the light intensity in all directions in space is the luminous flux. 3.3 Brightness The brightness L at a certain point on the light-emitting surface of the light source is the luminous intensity of the face element dS in a given direction divided by the quotient of the face element’s orthographic projection area on a plane perpendicular to the given direction, namely: L=■ The unit is candela per square meter (cd/m2). When the luminous surface is perpendicular to the measuring direction, cosθ = 1.3.4 Illumination The illuminance E of a point on the surface is the quotient of the luminous flux dΦ incident on the panel containing the point divided by the area of ​​the panel dS. which is: E=■ The unit is Lux (Lx), 1Lx=1Lm/m2. 3.5 Other parameters The light parameters of LEDs also include: spectrum, chromaticity coordinates, dominant wavelength and color purity, color temperature and correlated color temperature, color rendering and color rendering index. The necessity of 4LED light color measurement 4.1 Avoid hazards LED is different from traditional lighting, it has the characteristics of point light source, high brightness, narrow beam output and so on. When LEDs are used in lighting appliances, if the light exit angle is not strictly controlled, strong glare will be produced. Some high-brightness LED products may even cause light radiation hazards to the human body. Light color measurement can provide guidance for the safe use of LEDs. 4.2 Promote the development of LED industry The light color measurement of LED can provide a large amount of experimental data, which can be used as a standard for judging whether LED products are qualified or not, and can provide a basis for improving the design and manufacturing of LEDs. 5LED light color measurement method 5.1 Measurement of luminous flux 5.1.1 Integration method Measure the light intensity of the LED in various directions, and then calculate these light intensity values ​​to obtain the total luminous flux of the LED (as shown in Figure 3). 5.1.2 Integrating sphere method The integrating sphere is also called the luminous sphere, which is a hollow and complete spherical shell. The inner wall is coated with a white diffuse reflection layer, and the points on the inner wall of the ball are evenly diffused. The illuminance generated by the light source at any point on the spherical wall is composed of the illuminance generated by multiple reflections. According to the principle of integration, the illuminance at any point on the sphere is proportional to the luminous flux of the light source. Therefore, the luminous flux of the lamp under test can be obtained by comparing the standard lamp with known luminous flux with the lamp under test, as shown in Figure 4(a). However, due to the difference in physical structure and properties (such as absorption) between the standard lamp and the lamp under test, the test results need to be corrected when the integrating sphere method is used to test the luminous flux. The auxiliary lamp method can be used, as shown in Figure 4(b) . 5.1.32 π solid angle luminous flux test When using the integrating sphere method to test the LED luminous flux, there is also a test structure (as shown in Figure 5), which is called the forward luminous flux test or 2π solid angle luminous flux. This test does not test the total luminous flux of the LED, but people often confuse it with the total luminous flux of the LED. 5.2 Light intensity measurement For the LED light intensity test, CIE-127 specifies two test conditions, as shown in Figure 6 and the table. 5.3 Brightness The test of LED brightness is usually used in the process of testing the brightness of LED chips and evaluating the safety of LED light radiation. The test generally adopts the imaging method, and the microscopic imaging can be used to measure the chip test, as shown in Figure 7. 5.4 Illuminance measurement Strictly speaking, illuminance is not actually an optical parameter of LED. Illuminance is the optical quantity that indicates the degree of illumination of the illuminated surface, and it does not make much sense to test the illuminance of a certain point or a certain surface of a single LED, because in general Under the circumstances, the lighting of the actual situation is completed by multiple LEDs. 5.5 Measurement of other parameters Other parameters such as chromaticity coordinates, dominant wavelength and color purity, color temperature and correlated color temperature, color rendering and color rendering index can be tested with a correlated colorimeter or a spectrometer. 6LED's light radiation safety test and evaluation In recent years, the light radiation safety of LEDs has received more and more attention, so this article will also give a brief introduction to this. Zhejiang University Tricolor Instrument Co., Ltd. first carried out the research on optical radiation safety testing in China, and jointly drafted the national standards for photobiological safety of incoherent light sources with the National Electric Light Source Testing Center. At present, Zhejiang University Tricolor has made new progress in the light radiation safety testing of LEDs. It has carried out lighting LED testing work for Phillips, and has completed the LED radiation safety testing system with China's independent intellectual property rights. The following is a test case we did to introduce the process of LED light radiation safety test and evaluation. 6.1 The tested white LED 6.1.1 LED working conditions The lamp current is 0.417A, the voltage is 12V DC, and the power is 5W. 6.1.2 Physical map and spectral distribution 6.2 Tests of tourist sources As shown in Figure 9, we have tested the white light LED with the surface sightseeing source test system. These 9 pictures are the surface sightseeing source images taken at an interval of 10° in the direction of 0° (right) and 90°. In theory, we should test and evaluate light safety in various directions, but for the sake of simplicity, this article only tests and evaluates the situation in the 0° direction (because the light output is the strongest in this direction), and other angles can be deduced by analogy. The 0° direction indicates that the size of the sightseeing source is a round spot with a diameter of 2.5 cm.     6.3 Test condition 1 In accordance with the requirements of IEC-60825, first perform the test according to test condition 1. The white light LED exit hole is 2m away from the light receiving port, and the diameter of the light receiving port is 50mm. Analysis of test results: Type 1 AEL calculation 400～600nm photochemical hazard: not exceeding the specified AEL 400～700nm thermal hazard: does not exceed the specified AEL 700～1400nm AEL: Not exceeding the specified AEL Conclusion: The optical radiation output of this white light LED measured under test condition 1 does not exceed the AEL regulations of class 1 laser products. 6.4 Test condition 2 The white LED light exit hole is 100m away from the light receiving port, and the diameter of the light receiving port is 7mm. Analysis of test results: (1) Calculation of Type 1 AEL 400～600nm photochemical hazard AEL: exceeding the specified AEL Conclusion: The white light LED exceeds the AEL regulations on photochemical hazards of Class 1 laser products, and does not belong to Class 1 products. (2) Calculation of Type 2 AEL 400～700nm AEL: does not exceed the specified AEL 700～1400nm AEL: Not exceeding the specified AEL Conclusion: The white light LED does not exceed the AEL regulations of Class 2 laser products under test condition 2. 6.5 Irradiance or radiance test conditions In the above test process, the test structure of test condition 2 is the same as that of the irradiance or radiance test conditions, and the 1M type AEL refers to the regulations of the type 1 AEL. Therefore, from the above analysis, it can be known that the light radiation output of the white light LED exceeds the 1M type AEL. . 6.6 Conclusion Based on the above analysis, it can be seen that the tested white light LED products belong to the second category of LED products, and looking directly at the LED for a long time will damage the retina of the human eye. However, under normal circumstances, human eyes will not cause damage to human eyes due to natural avoidance reactions such as blinking. From the above introduction, it can be known that the test and evaluation of the safety of LED light radiation is a very complicated process involving many aspects. However, the testing and evaluation of the safety of LED light radiation has gradually become an indispensable content in the testing of LED products. For example, all LED products currently sold to Europe must undergo strict compliance with EN-60825 (equivalent to IEC-60825) test. Therefore, we should increase research input in this field. 7. LED light color measurement and lighting evaluation The ultimate goal of LED lighting is to obtain the best lighting effect, and judging the quality of the lighting effect depends on the light color measurement of the LED. 7.1 Evaluation of current lighting The current lighting evaluation is mainly based on several main optical basic quantities: luminous flux, brightness, light intensity and illuminance, among which the first three basic quantities are mainly used for the evaluation of the light source, and the illuminance is the evaluation of the light radiation action surface of the light source. These optical basic quantities are obtained based on the biophysical characteristics of the human eye, and are also the result of a spectral luminous efficiency function V(λ) approved by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and the corresponding radiance measurement weighted integral, which satisfies the following relationship: Photometric (λ) = KmgV (λ) Radiometric (λ) In the formula, Km—683Lm/W. 7.2 Existing problems and shortcomings The biophysical mechanism of the human eye is very complex, and the response to light stimuli is different in different situations. It can be roughly divided into photopic vision, scotopic vision and mesovision. Among them, the mesovision is particularly complex, so the above-mentioned spectral light efficiency is not accurate. The ground represents the actual effect of lighting. As shown in Figure 10, the stimulus value of the same light source to human eyes is significantly different under photopic vision and scotopic vision. In addition, the current domestic lighting evaluation lacks consideration of photobiological safety, which may cause varying degrees of harm to the human body. 7.3 Solution 7.3.1 Test methods and instruments The full spectrum method is used to measure the spectral distribution of the LED, and then a spectrometer is used for spectroscopic testing. 7.3.2 Evaluation method (1) Lighting effect According to different visual conditions, different spectral light efficiency functions are used to weight the LED spectral distribution data to obtain the actual lighting effect of the light radiation of the measured light source under the corresponding visual conditions. For example, scotopic vision uses the scotopic spectrum optical efficiency function, the photopic vision uses the photopic spectrum optical efficiency function, and the intermediate vision uses the intermediate vision spectrum optical efficiency function. (2) Photobiological safety According to the type of hazard, use the corresponding effect function to weight the LED spectral distribution data to get the actual hazard effect In short, LED lighting evaluation should meet the actual biophysical needs of the human body. 8 Summary and Outlook (1) The development of the LED industry is inseparable from LED light color measurement technology. In order to adapt to LED lighting applications, the future light color measurement technology should have new breakthroughs. (2) LED lighting and light color measurement should be people-oriented, and everything should be oriented to meet the actual requirements of human beings. (3) Current tasks: ① Strengthen the research of basic biological theories related to the human body, promote cross-disciplinary cooperation; ② Integrate with international standards, speed up the formulation and implementation of regulatory documents, and strive and actively participate in internationally renowned CIE, IEC, etc. Organized activities; ③Increase scientific research investment and develop light and color measuring instruments with independent intellectual property rights; ④Strengthen the research of various testing technologies, train professional testers, and accelerate the improvement of the equipment level and testing capabilities of quality inspection institutions. The entry is created, edited and maintained by Guangdong Zhengfa Technology. If you find that the content of the entry is suspected of infringement, please contact us via E-mail: gm@cn-led.net, and we will deal with it in a timely manner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Without permission, commercial websites, etc., are prohibited from copying and grabbing the contents of Toutiao Encyclopedia; reasonable users, copyright cooperation E-mail: gm@cn-led.net, please indicate the source from www.cn-led.net. Feedback 2020 cn-led.net

Today, we are going to discuss the question about how to test LED lamp beads. Here are 9 ways: 1. Brightness The prices of LED beads with different brightness will be different.   2. Anti-static Electricity Ability The anti-static electricity ability of LED beads is generally greater than 700V. LED beads that with strong ability to against static electricity will be more expensive durable.   3. Wavelength Consistency LED beads with the same wavelength will give off the same color of light. To produce pure color LED beads, manufacturers must use LED beads spectrometer.   4. Electric Leakage We can check the products to see whether there will be electric leakage. If that phenomenon appears, it indicates that there is reverse current. The life of the LED beads with large leakage current will be short, and their price will be low.   5. Luminous Angle Luminous angles of the LED beads that are used for different purposes are not the same. The prices of LED beads with special luminous angle are more expensive than those with ordinary one.   6. Service Life We can evaluate the service life of LED beads. Long service life is a main feature of a LED beads with high quality. Service life is inversely proportional to lumen depreciation and directly proportional to price   7. Chips I believe we all know that the higher the chip grade, the more expensive the price. And in fact, the prices of the chips are also related to the producing region. For example, chips made in Japan or the United States are more expensive.   8. Size of The Chip The quality of the LED beads with large chips are better than those of small chips, and the price is proportional to the size of the chip.   9. Performance For performance, we have many indicators to measure, including the quality of the colloid used by the LED lamp beads, the reliability of the design of all aspects of the LED beads and so on.   E-mail:sales@china66.net Guangdong Queendom Technology Co., Ltd.2019 copyright

一、Plant factory lighting effect   二、Plant factory lighting configuration Technical parameter reference link https://www.china66.net/news/show_46.html Plant factory product recommendation: https://www.china66.net/goods/show_201.html Plant factory lighting configuration plan reference:     LINE ID:2020131419 WeChat: SUNBOY1913 KYPE:164634777@qq.com http://www.china66.net / E-mail:gm@china66.net Theentry is created, edited and maintained by Guangdong QueendomTechnology. If youfind that the content of the entry is suspected of infringement, pleasecontact us via E-mail: gm@cn-led.net, and we will deal with it in a timelymanner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.Withoutpermission, commercial websites, etc. are prohibited from copying and grabbingthe contents of Toutiao Encyclopedia; reasonable users, copyright cooperationE-mail: gm@cn-led.net, please indicate the source from www.ledlight86.com. Feedback 2020 cn-led.net Queendomoffers an extensive range of high quality Single color chip LED which are smallsize, high efficiency and low power consumption.      

LED light is a kind of lighting equipment widely used in farms. What are the characteristics of special LED lights for farms?   1. Super energy saving   The working voltage of the LED is generally only 2-3.6V, and the working current is only 0.02-0.03A, which means that it consumes no more than 0.1W of electricity. LED energy-saving king is more than 90% energy-saving than incandescent lamps, and more than 70% energy-saving than energy-saving lamps.   2. LED tri-proof light, suitable for breeding environment   Dust-proof design, effective anti-mosquito, waterproof and anti-fog three-proof bulb sealing design   The environment of the farm is extremely harsh, with heavy moisture, dust, and mosquitoes. Ordinary LED bulbs generally have ventilation holes to cool the bulbs. It is these ventilation holes that make it easy for water vapor, dust and mosquitoes in the chicken house to enter the bulbs. , Causing the inside of the bulb to become dirty, reducing the brightness of the bulb, and increasing the probability of bulb damage. Guangdong Zhengfa LED bulbs are fully sealed bulbs, which prevent water vapor, dust, and mosquitoes from entering the bulb, increasing the brightness and service life of the bulb.   3. Low temperature lamp, good heat dissipation, long life   Guangdong Zhengfa LED bulbs adopt plastic-clad aluminum technology, which has more uniform heat dissipation, low bulb temperature and prolonged service life. Under the proper current and voltage, the service life of LED is as long as 100,000 hours, the service life of incandescent lamp is only 1,000 hours, and the service life of fluorescent energy-saving lamp is only 8,000 hours. Therefore, only LED is the only star of longevity in the field of lamps and lanterns.   4. Rugged and durable   Because the LED lamp chip is safely encapsulated in epoxy resin, the small epoxy resin particles are extremely difficult to break, and the entire lamp body has no loose parts. The chip inside is extremely difficult to break, and it is rarely caused by volatilization due to thermal effects. Fusing. In addition, the sturdiness of the LED also has anti-vibration effect.   5. Appropriate spectrum, more ideal animal growth.   LED light is a diode emitting light, there is no ultraviolet and infrared in the light, and it is the only healthy light source that is harmless to humans and animals.   Agricultural lighting case-watermark.jpg   6. No electromagnetic radiation   Fluorescent lamps, tri-color fluorescent lamps, and energy-saving lamps all work in high-frequency and high-pressure conditions, and they inevitably bring different degrees of electromagnetic radiation. LED lights work under direct current and low voltage conditions, without electromagnetic radiation, and are internationally recognized as healthy lighting.   Source: Queendom Technology Co., Ltd. Author: JACKY date: 2020 May 22https://www.china66.net/news.html   This article has been authenticated by the original "original", and the author has expanded Xianwen. Visit yuanben.io to query [DMPG51L1] for authorization information. This article has been certified by the original "original" and the author is Guangdong Zhengfa Technology Co., Ltd. Copyright Notice 1 This article is the original work of "Guangdong Queendom Technology". 2 Without the authorization of "Guangdong Zhengfa Technology", it may not be used in any way, including but not limited to reprinting, extracting, copying, or creating mirror images. Offenders must be investigated.               ​

Abstract: Solid-state lighting is the dominant direction of future lighting, and LED lighting is the main component of solid-state lighting and is an ideal next-generation lighting device. The development of the LED industry is inseparable from the light color measurement technology. Starting from the development requirements of LED lighting, the article introduces the light color measurement of LED lighting.   Keywords: LED lighting; light color measurement; lighting evaluation;   1 Introduction As a new light-emitting body, LED has the advantages of high electro-optical efficiency, small size, long life, low voltage, energy saving and environmental protection. It is the first choice for a new generation of lighting. The development of LED has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad, and new products and new technologies have emerged one after another. In recent years, the LED industry has developed rapidly, with increasing luminous efficiency and increasing brightness. Nowadays, LED has been widely used in many occasions, especially the continuous progress of white light LED technology, which has gradually popularized its application in the field of lighting. 2. The working principle of LED Light-emitting diode (LED) is a solid device that can convert electrical energy into light energy. Its structure is mainly composed of PN junction chips, electrodes, and optical systems. The basic working principle of LED is an electro-optical conversion process. When a forward bias is applied to both ends of the PN junction, due to the reduction of the PN junction barrier, the positive charge in the P area will diffuse to the N area, and the electrons in the N area will also move toward the N area. The P region diffuses, and the accumulation of unbalanced charges is formed in the two regions at the same time. Because the minority carriers generated by current injection are relatively unstable, for the PN junction system, the unbalanced holes injected into the valence band must recombine with the electrons in the conduction band, and the excess energy will radiate outward in the form of light. The greater the energy difference between electrons and holes, the higher the photon energy produced. The energy level difference is different, the frequency and wavelength of the generated light will be different, and the color of the corresponding light will be different. 3. The light parameters of LED 3.1 Luminous flux Luminous flux is the amount of light emitted by the light source per unit time, that is, the effective equivalent of the radiant power (or radiant flux) that can be felt by the human visual system. The symbol of luminous flux is Φ, and the unit is lumens (Lm). According to the spectral radiant flux Φ (λ), the luminous flux can be determined by the following formula: Φ=Km■Φ(λ)gV(λ)dλ In the formula, V (λ)-relative spectral luminous efficiency; Km—the maximum value of the spectral luminous efficacy of radiation, in Lm/W. In 1977, the Km value was determined by the International Committee of Weights and Measures to be 683Lm/W (λm=555nm). 3.2 Light intensity The luminous intensity I of a light source in a given direction is the quotient of the luminous flux dΦ transmitted in the cube corner element of the light source divided by the cube corner element dΩ, namely: I=■ The unit of luminous intensity is candela (cd), 1cd = 1Lm/1sr. The sum of the light intensity in all directions in space is the luminous flux. 3.3 Brightness The brightness L at a certain point on the light-emitting surface of the light source is the luminous intensity of the face element dS in a given direction divided by the quotient of the face element’s orthographic projection area on a plane perpendicular to the given direction, namely: L=■ The unit is candela per square meter (cd/m2). When the luminous surface is perpendicular to the measuring direction, cosθ = 1.3.4 Illumination The illuminance E of a point on the surface is the quotient of the luminous flux dΦ incident on the panel containing the point divided by the area of the panel dS. which is: E=■ The unit is Lux (Lx), 1Lx=1Lm/m2. 3.5 Other parameters The light parameters of LEDs also include: spectrum, chromaticity coordinates, dominant wavelength and color purity, color temperature and correlated color temperature, color rendering and color rendering index. The necessity of 4LED light color measurement 4.1 Avoid hazards LED is different from traditional lighting, it has the characteristics of point light source, high brightness, narrow beam output and so on. When LEDs are used in lighting appliances, if the light exit angle is not strictly controlled, strong glare will be produced. Some high-brightness LED products may even cause light radiation hazards to the human body. Light color measurement can provide guidance for the safe use of LEDs. 4.2 Promote the development of LED industry The light color measurement of LED can provide a large amount of experimental data, which can be used as a standard for judging whether LED products are qualified or not, and can provide a basis for improving the design and manufacturing of LEDs. 5LED light color measurement method 5.1 Measurement of luminous flux 5.1.1 Integration method Measure the light intensity of the LED in various directions, and then calculate these light intensity values to obtain the total luminous flux of the LED (as shown in Figure 3). 5.1.2 Integrating sphere method The integrating sphere is also called the luminous sphere, which is a hollow and complete spherical shell. The inner wall is coated with a white diffuse reflection layer, and the points on the inner wall of the ball are evenly diffused. The illuminance generated by the light source at any point on the spherical wall is a superposition of the illuminance generated by multiple reflections. According to the principle of integration, the illuminance at any point on the sphere is proportional to the luminous flux of the light source. Therefore, the luminous flux of the lamp under test can be obtained by comparing the standard lamp with known luminous flux with the lamp under test, as shown in Figure 4(a). However, due to the difference in physical structure and properties (such as absorption) between the standard lamp and the lamp under test, the test results need to be corrected when the integrating sphere method is used to test the luminous flux. The auxiliary lamp method can be used, as shown in Figure 4(b) . 5.1.32π solid angle luminous flux test When using the integrating sphere method to test the LED luminous flux, there is also a test structure (as shown in Figure 5), which is called the forward luminous flux test or 2π solid angle luminous flux. This test does not test the total luminous flux of the LED, but people often confuse it with the total luminous flux of the LED. 5.2 Light intensity measurement For the LED light intensity test, CIE-127 specifies two test conditions, as shown in Figure 6 and the table. 5.3 Brightness The test of LED brightness is usually used in the process of testing the brightness of LED chips and evaluating the safety of LED light radiation. The test generally adopts the imaging method, and the microscopic imaging can be used to measure the chip test, as shown in Figure 7. 5.4 Illuminance measurement Strictly speaking, illuminance is not actually an optical parameter of LED. Illuminance is the optical quantity that indicates the degree of illumination of the illuminated surface, and it does not make much sense to test the illuminance of a certain point or a certain surface of a single LED, because in general Under the circumstances, the lighting of the actual situation is completed by multiple LEDs. 5.5 Measurement of other parameters Other parameters such as chromaticity coordinates, dominant wavelength and color purity, color temperature and correlated color temperature, color rendering and color rendering index can be tested with a correlated colorimeter or a spectrometer. 6LED's light radiation safety test and evaluation In recent years, the light radiation safety of LEDs has received more and more attention, so this article will also give a brief introduction to this. Zhejiang University Tricolor Instrument Co., Ltd. first carried out the research on optical radiation safety testing in China, and jointly drafted the national standards for photobiological safety of incoherent light sources with the National Electric Light Source Testing Center. At present, Zhejiang University Tricolor has made new progress in the light radiation safety testing of LEDs. It has carried out lighting LED testing work for Phillips, and has completed the LED radiation safety testing system with China's independent intellectual property rights. The following is a test case we did to introduce the process of LED light radiation safety test and evaluation. 6.1 The tested white LED 6.1.1 LED working conditions The lamp current is 0.417A, the voltage is 12V DC, and the power is 5W. 6.1.2 Physical map and spectral distribution 6.2 Tests of tourist sources As shown in Figure 9, we tested the white light LED with the external source test system. These 9 pictures are the source images of the external source taken at an interval of 10° in the direction of 0° (right) and 90°. In theory, we should test and evaluate light safety in various directions, but for the sake of simplicity, this article only tests and evaluates the situation in the 0° direction (because the light output is the strongest in this direction), and other angles can be deduced by analogy. The 0° direction indicates that the size of the sightseeing source is a round spot with a diameter of 2.5 cm.     6.3 Test condition 1 In accordance with the requirements of IEC-60825, first perform the test according to test condition 1. The white light LED exit hole is 2m away from the light receiving port, and the diameter of the light receiving port is 50mm. Analysis of test results: Type 1 AEL calculation 400～600nm photochemical hazard: not exceeding the specified AEL 400～700nm thermal hazard: does not exceed the specified AEL 700～1400nm AEL: Not exceeding the specified AEL Conclusion: The optical radiation output of this white light LED measured under test condition 1 does not exceed the AEL regulations of class 1 laser products. 6.4 Test condition 2 The white LED light exit hole is 100m away from the light receiving port, and the diameter of the light receiving port is 7mm. Analysis of test results: (1) Calculation of Type 1 AEL 400～600nm photochemical hazard AEL: exceeding the specified AEL Conclusion: The white light LED exceeds the AEL regulations on photochemical hazards of Class 1 laser products, and does not belong to Class 1 products. (2) Calculation of Type 2 AEL 400～700nm AEL: does not exceed the specified AEL 700～1400nm AEL: Not exceeding the specified AEL Conclusion: The white light LED does not exceed the AEL regulations of Class 2 laser products under test condition 2. 6.5 Irradiance or radiance test conditions In the above-mentioned test process, the test structure of test condition 2 is the same as that of the irradiance or radiance test condition, and the 1M type AEL refers to the regulations of the type 1 AEL. Therefore, from the above analysis, the light radiation output of the white light LED exceeds that of the 1M type AEL. . 6.6 Conclusion Based on the above analysis, it can be seen that the tested white light LED products belong to the second category of LED products, and looking directly at the LED for a long time will damage the retina of the human eye. However, under normal circumstances, human eyes will not cause damage to human eyes due to natural avoidance reactions such as blinking. From the above introduction, it can be known that the testing and evaluation of the safety of LED light radiation is a very complicated process involving many aspects. However, the testing and evaluation of the safety of LED light radiation has gradually become an indispensable content in the testing of LED products. For example, all LED products currently sold to Europe must undergo strict compliance with EN-60825 (equivalent to IEC-60825) standards. test. Therefore, we should increase research input in this field. 7. LED light color measurement and lighting evaluation The ultimate goal of LED lighting is to obtain the best lighting effect, and judging the quality of the lighting effect depends on the light color measurement of the LED. 7.1 Evaluation of current lighting The current lighting evaluation is mainly based on several main optical basic quantities: luminous flux, brightness, light intensity and illuminance, among which the first three basic quantities are mainly used for the evaluation of the light source, and the illuminance is the evaluation of the light radiation action surface of the light source. These optical basic quantities are obtained based on the biophysical characteristics of the human eye, and are also the result of a spectral luminous efficiency function V(λ) approved by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and the corresponding radiance measurement weighted integral, which satisfies the following relationship: Photometric (λ) = KmgV (λ) Radiometric (λ) In the formula, Km—683Lm/W. 7.2 Existing problems and shortcomings The biophysical mechanism of the human eye is very complex, and the response to light stimuli is different in different situations. It can be roughly divided into photopic vision, scotopic vision and mesovision. Among them, the mesovision is particularly complex, so the above-mentioned spectral light efficiency is not accurate. The ground represents the actual effect of lighting. As shown in Figure 10, the stimulus value of the same light source to human eyes is significantly different under photopic vision and scotopic vision. In addition, the current domestic lighting evaluation lacks consideration of photobiological safety, which may cause varying degrees of harm to the human body. 7.3 Solution 7.3.1 Test methods and instruments The full spectrum method is used to measure the spectral distribution of the LED, and then a spectrometer is used for spectroscopic testing. 7.3.2 Evaluation method (1) Lighting effect According to different visual conditions, different spectral light efficiency functions are used to weight the LED spectral distribution data to obtain the actual lighting effect of the light radiation of the measured light source under the corresponding visual conditions. For example, scotopic vision uses a scotopic spectrum optical efficiency function, photopic vision uses a photopic spectrum optical efficiency function, and intermediate vision uses an intermediate vision spectrum optical efficiency function. (2) Photobiological safety According to the type of hazard, use the corresponding effect function to weight the LED spectral distribution data to get the actual hazard effect In short, LED lighting evaluation should meet the actual biophysical needs of the human body. 8 Summary and Outlook (1) The development of the LED industry is inseparable from the LED light color measurement technology. In order to adapt to the LED lighting application, there should be new breakthroughs in the future light color measurement technology. (2) LED lighting and light color measurement should be people-oriented, and everything should be oriented to meet the actual requirements of human beings. (3) Current tasks: ① Strengthen the research of basic biological theories related to the human body, promote cross-disciplinary cooperation; ② Integrate with international standards, speed up the formulation and implementation of regulatory documents, and strive and actively participate in internationally renowned CIE, IEC, etc. Organized activities; ③Increase scientific research investment and develop light and color measuring instruments with independent intellectual property rights; ④Strengthen the research of various testing technologies, train professional testers, and accelerate the improvement of the equipment level and testing capabilities of quality inspection institutions.   https://china66.net/news/show_44.html    

The working principle of UV lamp   The working principle of the UV germicidal lamp: using the energy of LED ultraviolet light to penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms, destroy the DNA structure of various germs, bacteria, parasites and other pathogens, destroy the nucleic acid molecular bonds, and make them inactive and die , So as to achieve the role of disinfection and sterilization. Application environment: All viruses, bacteria and parasites in the air are killed.   Application environment: all viruses, bacteria, and parasites in the air can be easily eliminated! Households, kindergartens, offices, schools, nursing homes, Internet cafes, food industry, catering industry, pet shops, hospitals, hospitals, basements and places where the air is not smooth and do not see the sun, the effect of disinfection and sterilization is particularly outstanding) cost-effective.     This picture is the front and back of the UV sterilization lamp. This is the nameplate of the ultraviolet lamp. There is also a schematic diagram of this lamp above. And matters needing attention. And some index parameters. The quality of the currently dissected product is average, and many of the schematic diagrams on the label do not match the internal structure, which will be explained one by one later. In addition, this product does not see any certification marks, which is also wrong. Many parts of the dissected shell of this product are aluminum, so the three-core wire is used. When choosing products, you should pay attention to whether there is a CCC certification mark on this line and whether it is a national standard line. At this point, this anatomical product is pretty good.   This picture shows the top cover of the lamp and after removing the top cover, you can see the wiring of the parts inside. You can see that this workmanship is not standard. The cable tie fixing buckle and the screw anti-loosening glue are not made according to the standard. There is no fuse either. There is no protective cover for the power cord, and the wiring inside does not match the schematic diagram on the label. The difference is far away.   The picture shows the ballast and starter. The ordinary pieces are used. When repairing this kind of sterilization and disinfection lamp, many of the starters are broken. If you are not sure, you can use a multimeter to test whether the coil inside the ballast is blown. If the coil is open, change the ballast instead of the starter. The inside of this starter is the same as the starter of ordinary fluorescent tube. The quality in the picture is average. Many good starters consist of a neon tube and a polyester capacitor connected to two copper contacts. Click on. There is no capacitor in this picture. In summary, the effect and service life of this anatomical ultraviolet disinfection lamp are worrying.       Ultraviolet lamp tube is the most important part of the production, and it is a lossy part. All other components serve it. When purchasing lamps for housewares, you should refer to these places in the picture and refer to the selection, purchase and replacement of lamps for maintenance. It consists of ballast starter, step-up transformer, cooling fan, etc. But generally no one uses this high-power structure for household use. This kind is too big, a few hundred W to several thousand W are of this kind of structure, this kind is mostly used for disinfection and sterilization of industrial or medical equipment. Basically all household appliances are within 100W. There is a wiring diagram on the starter. Connect according to the picture. Generally speaking, it is basically because the boot device is bad. The transformer does not smell of burning, the wiring in various places is also good and not loose, and the switch is not burnt or damaged. When repairing, just replace this starter.   Let me talk about the selection principle of power and area: 1W (1 watt) corresponds to 1 square meter, and you can choose as many W as your house is. The figure also compares the advantages of ultraviolet sterilization and disinfection lamp with disinfectant, alcohol and rice vinegar. You can refer to it. In addition, it is best to choose a disinfection lamp with remote control and timing functions. If not, adding a timer socket is also a good match. But relatively, with more functions, maintenance is more troublesome. Understand clearly and then buy. It’s just right, not necessarily the most expensive one. It is recommended to buy products from major brands and choose a model, the quality is relatively guaranteed.  

  1: Ultraviolet lamp, germicidal lamp, mosquito trap lamp, mosquito killer lamp, black violet light tube, currency detector lamp, T4 three primary color lamp, T5 three primary color lamp 2: Detection of UV lamp intensity: 1. Ultraviolet light is invisible light, purple light ≠ sterilization. 2. Ultraviolet rays are directed and refracted. 3. The penetration of ultraviolet light is weak. 4. The germicidal ultraviolet rays are in the C band, and the center wavelength is 2537AO 5. Ultraviolet bactericidal dose: intensity X time 6. The method of detecting the intensity of the ultraviolet lamp: ultraviolet intensity meter; ultraviolet intensity indicator card 7. The quality of the ultraviolet lamp: the glass has no bubbles and gas lines; fast start-up; no flicker; long life; irradiation intensity standard: 30W lamp new lamp ≥90µW/cm2; old lamp ≥70µW/cm2 8. Ultraviolet intensity test. Directly read the intensity value when irradiated at 100cm from the light vertically. Note: ①Protection: Wear glasses, gloves, and a protective face shield if necessary. ②Read the test value after the UV lamp is stable for 5 minutes after turning on. ③The change of ultraviolet intensity is related to the quality and voltage of the lamp tube and the finish of the reflector. 3: The wattage is large, the power is large.  

Here, as a senior lighting person, the author also came to join in the fun, taking home decoration lighting design as an example, to briefly talk about the design of no main lamp. The application color rendering index of floor lamps in the design of no main lamp: usually good lamps have higher color rendering index, if possible, try to choose the high CRI (normal 80-85, some places with high color reproduction requirements can choose 90 -95). In recent years, no main lamp design has become popular, especially in some hotels, it is difficult to find the trace of the main lamp in the guest room, and in the home improvement space, this momentum is also growing. For a long time, I can always see many articles about the design of masterless lamps on the Internet, and many of my colleagues have made sense. Here, as a senior lighting person, the author also came to join in the fun, taking home decoration lighting design as an example, to briefly talk about the design of no main lamp. In summary, there are probably a few key points worthy of our reference when designing. No main light design 1. Three precautions to keep in mind 1. Ask related professional designers or friends with industry experience to make a rough budget. Friends who have not been in contact with design may not know much. Although it is a design without a main light, it may involve a series of complicated processes such as ceiling and slotting in terms of wiring, which is not simpler than a design with a main light. . On the contrary, the cost will be higher, and there will be more problems that may arise in the future! 2. Regardless of the design, you must fully consider the family’s lighting habits, and reserve the necessary slots, jacks, etc., such as a family who likes to read or do crafts on the sofa in the living room, and like to play in the bathroom Cell phone. Maybe some friends will say where to add it, but in fact, it is actually difficult to change the line after the water and electricity are in the field. Of course, special-purpose lamps are often not turned on frequently. You can use auxiliary lamps such as wall lamps, desk lamps, and floor lamps. Application of floor lamp in no main lamp design 3. Avoid ****, spend unnecessary money, make fancy and even light pollution in your home. In the home environment, some places do not need too many lights, and some places do not need too bright lights. At the beginning of the design, we must not ****, but should do the illuminance calculation and point layout beforehand, and make slotting, opening, and wiring where the lights are needed. Second, the light source requirements must be strict 1. The lighting layout must first meet the basic lighting needs. In addition to the ceiling light, it is necessary to supplement the light source in the entrance cabinet, cabinet, wardrobe, mirror, workbench and other positions. 2. Satisfying lighting is only the first step in lighting design, and further down, we must consider comfort. The use of lights does not affect the family's work and rest, creates a warm atmosphere, and does not need to get up in the dark. 3. If you have requirements for the decorative texture of the lamps and have a sufficient budget, you can use downlights for local accent lighting, or directly use decorative lamps to embellish. No main light design bedroom 4. Choose the light source to look at three points: brightness, color temperature, color rendering index (how to choose, the author has interpretation in other articles). Brightness: There will be deviations depending on the difference. You can listen to the suggestions of the lighting store's shopping guide. They have sales intentions, but they may know more than you; Color rendering index: usually good lamps have a higher color rendering index. If possible, try to choose a high rendering index (normal 80-85, some places with high color reproduction requirements can choose 90-95). PS: In general, high-quality light sources will be marked with color rendering index on the package or description. If there is no mark, it is recommended not to buy. Color temperature: According to the design style of home decoration, the preferences of myself and my family, the author can give a rough reference value, as shown in the figure below. Selection range of light source color temperature value 3. How to achieve comfort 1. The lighting layout of each space is coordinated and the boundaries are clear. What do you mean? The light of the current lamps must serve the space where it is located, and cannot affect other spaces. The living room lighting serves the living room and does not need to illuminate the entire dining room or even the entrance. For another example, bedside reading lamps, wall lamps, floor lamps, etc., must be used in local spaces. The advantage of this is that it saves energy and does not affect other people who have nothing to do with lighting. 2. For bedroom lighting, what we need is a relaxing and warm space. The author's design concept is: the light is soft and not dazzling, use a light source with low color temperature and warm yellow, and a table lamp or wall lamp can be set at the bedside. If you need to read before going to bed, you can also install two downlights above the bed (not directly facing the pillow). In this way, it is conducive to creating an atmosphere before going to bed, improving the quality of sleep, and not causing energy waste. If it is really unimaginable, you can take a look at the lighting design of some hotel rooms. The design is simple, but sufficient. 3. Intelligent lighting system. The budget requirements are relatively higher. If conditions permit, everyone should consider configuring them. It has a series of convenient intelligent operations such as remote switch lights, one-key adjustment of brightness and color temperature, sound and light control system. Original: Solar lighting design, please reprint this paragraph! No main light design in hotel rooms Fourth, how to achieve decoration 1. More common: a certain decorative object is specially displayed, such as sculptures, handicrafts, murals, plants, red wine, etc. We can choose adjustable-angle tube, spotlight, or linear light source for lighting. But the author suggests that there should be no more than two key lighting areas in a space, and the color temperature difference should be controlled within 500K. Just like when we are in school, the teacher will give important points, but if there are too many points, there will be no points. 2. You can choose a chandelier for the dining table and bar (if set) and place it at a suitable height (usually 70-80cm from the table top), and the light beam should be slightly wider than the table top. It is recommended to choose a light source with high color rendering (Ra>80 value) to better achieve a high degree of restoration of the true color of food. No main lamp design, the most important thing is styling and carpentry 3. We can also use spotlights, downlights, chandeliers to light the top of low cabinets, chests, etc. The beam is slightly wider and the countertop is the best, and the color rendering requirements can be relaxed. It is worth mentioning that some lamps and lanterns themselves are very decorative. They can be decorated during the day and can be illuminated at night. Of course, this depends on the eyes of the person who chooses the lamp (lamp Xiaobai, how to choose the right lamp). By the way, let’s just say: no main light design, save light without saving Original: Zhengfa lighting design, please reprint this paragraph! Original: Zhengfa Lighting Design, please indicate this paragraph when reprinting! Original: Zhengfa Lighting Design, please indicate this paragraph when reprinting!

  Guangdong Jiarong Supermarket Co., Ltd. is a multi-format modern retail enterprise mainly engaged in chain hypermarkets, concurrently operating community life supermarkets, shopping malls, and professional department stores. Over the past two decades, Jiarong has always adhered to a chain development path with characteristics, in line with local reality, and close to the lives of the people, adhering to the corporate spirit of "unremitting pursuit and continuous surpassing", advancing with the times and making bold innovations. At present, Jiarong SPAR has more than 100 stores in Dongguan, Guangzhou, Zhongshan, Huizhou and other regions, with an operating area of ​​more than 700,000 square meters. With the increasingly fierce market competition in the shopping mall and supermarket industry, and the industry has entered an era of meager profit, how to reduce operating costs has become a question often considered by mall and supermarket experiencers. In particular, huge electricity bills have become an important part of supermarket costs. How to control electricity bills has become the key to energy-saving transformation of supermarkets. QUEENDOM Technology Co., Ltd., as a professional lighting energy-saving retrofit lamps manufacturer, will analyze the lighting status of shopping malls and supermarkets from all aspects, and carry out energy-saving retrofits for shopping malls and supermarkets through the company's high-quality lighting fixtures and reasonable design schemes. 2. Supermarket lighting design standards and lamp selection Shopping mall lighting plays a very important role in attracting customers and promoting merchandise sales. It keeps sufficient light and color coordination on the sales site, creates a comfortable shopping environment for consumers, and creates a good shopping atmosphere. It is also important to the design of supermarkets. It is very important, and it is also of great significance to help customers correctly identify products. Therefore, reasonable lighting design is important for expanding the impact, promoting the purchase and sale of goods, and ensuring safety. Analyze the lighting requirements and design points of different subdivisions of the shopping mall, and equip the corresponding lamps reasonably..         Main area Design illuminance Lamp selection Color temperature Remarks Office area 300LX 600*600 Geshan lamp panel 6000K basically meets the illumination requirements of the office environment and effectively protects eyesight Cashier area 800LX 6-inch downlight + concealed light belt 6000K The cashier area requires high illuminance. While ensuring the lighting requirements, the comfortable and bright lighting environment can effectively relieve the fatigue of the staff Warehouse area 150LX tri-proof lamp 6000K basically meets the warehouse illumination requirements Department store area 500LX 6-inch downlight + hidden light 6000K white light tones construct a clean shopping environment, improve consumers' relaxed and happy shopping mood, highlight the bright colors of goods, and stimulate the impulse to buy Receiving area 150LX 18W tri-proof lamp 6000K basically meets the illumination requirements for receiving and shipping Processing area, aquatic product area, chilled area 300LX 5 inch anti-fog downlight 4000K basically meets the requirements of the illumination standard Daily distribution area 800LX double bracket with cover + rail spotlight 4000K warm color can make frozen food more fresh, achieve better lighting effect, attract consumers' attention Bread, cooked food, fresh meat area 800LX double bracket with cover + rail spotlight + 5 inch downlight 4000K The warm color of 4000K makes food more color, fresh and more appetizing Fruit and vegetable area 800LX double bracket with cover + fresh light 4000K